Sole proprietorship
Simple and fast to set up:
- €4,500 on your business account
- Registration with the KVK in your own name
- Lower set-up costs and simple bookkeeping
- You are personally liable for business debts
Requirements
Do you qualify for DAFT?
Four conditions – much lighter than the regular self-employed permit.
US citizenship
DAFT is only for holders of an American passport. Dual nationals with a US passport also qualify.
Your own business
You are self-employed or run your own company – any legal form. A job with a Dutch employer is not covered.
€4,500 investment
At least €4,500 on a Dutch business account, confirmed by an opening balance sheet from a Dutch accountant.
KVK registration
Your business is registered with the Dutch Chamber of Commerce (KVK).
Key facts
WhoUS citizens
Investment€4,500 – stays in your business
Points testNot required
Entry visa (MVV)Not needed for Americans
First permit2 years
Renewal5 years
IND fee 2026€423
Business form
Sole proprietorship or BV?
Any legal form is allowed. The choice affects tax, liability and your family’s options.
Private limited company
More structure, more options:
- €4,500 invested, with a deed of incorporation
- You hold at least 25% of the shares
- Limited liability for business debts
- A director’s salary may open the expat tax scheme
An NV (public company) needs €11,250. We advise on the right form in the free intake.
Compare
DAFT or the regular permit?
For Americans, DAFT is almost always the easier route.
| DAFT | Regular self-employed permit | |
|---|---|---|
| Who can apply | US citizens only | All non-EU nationalities |
| Points test | Not required | Required (RVO) |
| Minimum investment | €4,500 in the business | No fixed amount – the plan must convince |
| Entry visa (MVV) | Not needed | Depends on nationality |
| First permit | 2 years | 2 years |
| Renewal | 5 years | Up to 5 years |
Not a US citizen? See the regular route. See selfemployed-visa.nl
Other routes
Other routes to the Netherlands
Business
Self-employed
Run your own business in the Netherlands – with a business plan that passes the points test.
selfemployed-visa.nl Open website BusinessStart-up visa
One year to build an innovative company, guided by a recognised facilitator.
startup-visa.nl Open website WorkHighly Skilled Migrant
The fastest work route, for professionals hired by an IND recognised sponsor.
hsmvisa.nl Open website FamilyFamily reunification
Bring your children or other family members to live with you.
family-visa.nl Open websiteFigures valid for 2026, based on ind.nl. Amounts change every 1 January – always check the latest amounts with us or on ind.nl.